Neck Arthritis: Types, Causes, and Ways to Manage the Pain

Learn More About Managing Neck Pain Relief

Neck arthritis can cause stiffness and pain in a person’s neck. It’s typically caused by wear and tear of the spinal discs, although there are several different types with various treatment options. Neck arthritis is prevalent in people over the age of 60, with around 85 percent affected. Fortunately, symptoms are usually treatable without the need for surgery, and people with neck arthritis can continue to live an enjoyable life when matched with the right treatment plan.

Below, the experts at Spine Art review the types of neck arthritis, common symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options. We’ll also cover things to avoid, such as when to speak with a medical provider and frequently asked questions. Reach out to our team today to learn more about our spinal treatments and services.

What Is Neck Arthritis?

Neck arthritis (cervical spondylosis) is a condition that occurs when the facet joints and discs in the neck wear down over time. Arthritis in the cervical spine (cervical spondylosis) causes the cartilage in the neck facet joints to deteriorate, leading to bone spurs (bony outgrowths or osteophytes) that can narrow the spinal canal, potentially compressing the spinal cord or nerves. The arthritis results in neck pain, stiffness, and sometimes radiating pain into the shoulders. Depending on the severity of nerve compression, this can limit neck movement severely and cause arm pain, numbness or weakness. It’s common with the ageing process. Common causes include:

• As people age, the discs in the neck can dry out, shrink, and bulge.
• The surfaces of the bones in the neck can become rougher, forming bony spurs. 
• The ligaments that hold the bones in place can stiffen.
• Certain injuries can put pressure on the spinal cord. 

Types of Neck Arthritis

If someone experiences persistent neck pain that doesn’t improve over time, they may have neck arthritis. Below, we explore the different types of neck arthritis a person may experience.

• Cervical Spondylosis (Osteoarthritis) – Cervical spondylosis is the medical term for osteoarthritis affecting the spinal joints in the neck. Osteoarthritis is a type of joint disease that causes joint tissue to deteriorate over time. It’s the most common type of arthritis affecting older adults and often centralizes in the neck.

• Rheumatoid Arthritis – This form of arthritis is an autoimmune condition in which a person’s immune system damages the lining of their joints and causes inflammation. This condition often affects the cervical spine and can cause neck pain and instability.

• Psoriatic Arthritis – This type is also an autoimmune form of arthritis that occurs with psoriasis and causes joint inflammation. It often affects the neck and other spinal areas.

• Ankylosing Spondylitis – This is a type of arthritis that causes enthesitis, which is inflammation where the ligaments and tendons attach to bone. While ankylosing spondylitis typically starts in the hips and lower back, it can eventually work up to the neck in severe cases.

Neck Arthritis Symptoms

If neck pain is persistent, it’s important to schedule a medical evaluation. Your provider can examine your neck to determine the root of the pain and develop a treatment plan to reduce symptoms. Arthritis symptoms in the neck can vary. Most people experience few to no symptoms, but they vary in severity. Common symptoms of neck arthritis can include:

• Consistent pain and stiffness in the neck
• A grinding sensation or audible clicking when moving the neck
• Loss of balance
• Trouble sleeping
• Radiating pain in the arm
• Weakness in the hands

Some activities can worsen the severity of symptoms. For example, activities like driving can cause neck stiffness because the neck is in the same position for an extended period. A person with advanced neck arthritis may experience secondary symptoms, including the following:

• Radiculopathy – A portion of the spinal nerve root is put under pressure, causing pain and numbness in the extremities.
• Myelopathy – Long-term spinal cord compression causes loss of balance, numbness and / or  weakness in the legs, brisk reflexes and eventually altered continence.

Treatment Options

Most people with neck arthritis require nonsurgical treatment methods. Doctors don’t typically recommend surgery unless a person’s symptoms are severe, such as if a person is experiencing myelopathy. Treatment commonly involves preventing strain and resting the neck as much as possible. Applying ice and heat can also help relieve neck pain and stiffness. Other nonsurgical methods for neck pain treatment include the following:

• Image guided Local Anaesthetic and Steroid injections
• Muscle relaxants
• Physical therapy including massage and trigger point therapy
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen
• Acupuncture
• Chiropractic treatments
• A soft cervical collar for neck support should NOT be used!

Prevention & Management Tips

There are several things you can do to effectively manage the symptoms of neck arthritis from the comfort of your home:

• Physical Therapy: This can strengthen a person’s neck muscles and improve range of motion.
• Light Physical Exercise: Being sedentary can increase body stiffness. Walking, swimming, or cycling can all improve strength and mobility.
• Using the Correct Pillow: Supportive pillows can help ease neck pain when sleeping. Firmer pillows are more suitable for back sleepers. However, a pillow with medium firmness is better for side sleepers. A cylinder-shaped pillow that rests between the mattress and neck can also help relieve neck pain. However, most people find a thinner and firmer pillow better.

If you have neck arthritis, some things to avoid include:

• Smoking: It can prevent the effectiveness of certain medications that can help relieve symptoms associated with neck arthritis and promotes disc degeneration.
• Improper Computer Stance: It’s essential to ensure your chair properly supports your neck and back while sitting at a desk!
• Poor Posture: You should always try to practice good posture and not slouch.
• Driving Position. Make sure your car seat is comfortable for you and correctly adjusted.

Contact the Experts at Spine Art Today

There are several different types of neck arthritis a person can experience. Healthcare providers commonly recommend nonsurgical treatments, such as pain medications and physical therapy exercises. Doctors will usually only recommend surgery if your symptoms are severe and long-lasting. Symptoms are typically manageable by staying active and doing physical therapy. Anyone concerned about persistent neck pain that is not getting better should consult with a healthcare professional. Contact the experts at Spine Art today to learn more about our treatments and services, as well as our leading consultant spinal surgeon, Dan Fagan.